On that flop folding is fine.  I only really float with ace high if the flop is low and i have 2 overs and a back door flush draw.  

Its kind of hard to answer your question, reading ranges better mostly comes with experience but you can definitely speed up the process doing some work playing around with software.  Using a software like flopzilla you can input their starting range and then by selecting a flop texture you can see how often they make hands / draws or miss the flop.  Basically tighter players hit the flop better and realize their equity more than players opening super wide, so checkraising the aggressive openers as a bluff is going to be better than vs the tight opener.  

The software can only show you how often the flop hits their overall starting range but its way more complex than that unfortunately.  So your hand strength on a flop is only a small part of a larger puzzle. You have to try and factor in your opponents range and frequencies and how you think your opponent will continue vs a call or raise. On the turn there are going to be 47 different cards and then 46 different river cards so thinking about how your hand plays vs different parts of his range and barreling frequencies is much more important than what you think your equity is on the flop.

That does seem a lot to think about but if you are thinking like that postflop rather than I hit a piece of the board, I hope he isn't too aggressive and I get to take it to showdown it will be better for your game long term.   Poker is always evolving and the players are getting tougher, it may be harder sometimes to get a bluffcatcher to showdown but there are advantages and disadvantages to almost all plays in husngs.  If you take the time to sit down and work those out and how is the most effective way to combat those strategies you will always be improving and closing the gap on the players you think are better than your right now.